Is Negative pH Possible

The usual range of pH values runs from 0 to 14. If you are given the molarity of hydrogen ions of an acid that is greater than one, however, youll calculate a negative pH value for the acid. Is it possible to have a negative pH value? How Negative pH Works Its definitely possible to calculate a negative pH value. But on the other hand, whether or not an acid actually has a negative pH value isnt something you can verify very well in the lab. In practice, any acid that yields a concentration of hydrogen ions with a molarity greater than 1 will be calculated to have a negative pH. For example, the pH of 12M HCl (hydrochloric acid) is calculated to be -log(12) -1.08. But, you cant measure it with an instrument or test. There isnt any special litmus paper that turns a color when the value is below zero. pH meters are better than pH paper, yet you cant just dip a glass pH electrode in the HCl and measure a negative pH. This is because glass pH electrodes suffer from a defect called acid error which causes them to measure a higher pH than the real pH. It is very difficult to apply a correction for this defect to obtain the true pH value. Also, strong acids do not fully dissociate in water  at high concentrations. In the case of HCl, some of the hydrogen would remain bound to the chlorine, so in this respect, the true pH would be higher than the pH you would calculate from acid molarity. To further complicate the situation, the activity or effective concentration of hydrogen ions in a concentrated strong acid is higher than the actual concentration. This is because there is so little water per acid unit. While pH commonly is calculated as -log [H] (negative of the logarithm of the hydrogen ion molarity), it would be more accurate to write pH - log aH (negative pf the logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity). This effect of the enhanced hydrogen ion activity is very strong and makes the pH much lower than youd expect from the acid molarity. Summary of Negative pH In summary,  you cant accurately measure extremely low pH  with a glass pH electrode and it is difficult to tell whether the pH is lowered by the increased hydrogen ion activity more than it is raised by incomplete dissociation. Negative pH is possible and simple to calculated, but not something you can easily measure. Special electrodes are used to assess extremely low pH values. In addition to negative pH, its also possible for pH to have a value of 0. The calculation also applies to alkaline solutions, in which the pOH value can extend beyond the typical range.

Romeo And Juliet Act 1 Discussion Questions - 1020 Words

Clare Lanzotti September 21, 2017 Block Four Romeo and Juliet Act 1 Discussion Questions Answer each question in complete sentences. Answers must be typed. Due Friday, September 22. Part I. Each response should be at least three sentences long. Discuss the sources of tension in the first scene. Why are these characters upset? The source of tension in the first scene is very intense and it is building up throughout. The characters are upset because they were trying to fight but one of the sides didn’t want to start it so the just did it enough until the other people started the fight. Then they all get in a fight which then there is tension coming from two different sources in the text. How does Romeo describe the woman he loves in†¦show more content†¦Part II. Each response should be at least four sentences long. Refer to Mercutio’s lines in Act 1. What kind of friend is he to Romeo? Would you like to have him for a friend? If so, why? If not, why? Discuss the Prologue and what you already know about the play. If you were Romeo and Juliet, would you follow love or stay loyal to your family and friends? Explain your reasons. The prologue gives us some information about the family’s background and what is going to happen later on in the story. If I was Romeo and Juliet I would follow love. There is truly only one person who you are meant to be. As I can tell there is each other’s one true love so I would stay together. Part III. Literary Elements. Follow the directions for each question. Foreshadowing. The Prologue states that this is the story of â€Å"star-crossed lovers.† There are four strong foreshadowings of evil in Act 1. Identify at least two foreshadowings and explain their purpose. In act 1 the people say â€Å"When I have fought with the men, I will be cruel with the maids; I will cut off their heads.† What the people are foreshadowing is that they will fight the others and in the end, they do. Once again with foreshadowing in act 1, the author states, Take thou some new infection to thy eye, / And the rank poison of the old will die. What Benvolio is trying to talk Romeo out of his heart-ache for Rosaline, Benvolio advises him the quote above. ItShow MoreRelatedWord-Picture Character Sketch Assignment: Friar Laurence675 Words   |  3 Pagesadviser to Romeo and Juliet, along with promoting in major plot developments. To Romeo and Juliet the Friar is a father in faith and also a close friend who helps them many times. When Romeo and Juliet want to get married, his plan is to marry them right away, his purpose is good, he want two big families to become friend not the enemy! When Romeo is banished from Verona the Friar tells Romeo that don’t worr y about it, we will help you out. He let Romeo to go to Mantua. Later, when Juliet has to beRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1471 Words   |  6 PagesPlay Study(Romeo and Juliet) Unit 1 Questions Prologue: 1.) The play is set in Verona, in two households. The setting of the play is stated by the prologue; â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona(where we lay our scene),†(Prologue,1-2) The play is set in a region called Verona as stated and it also states two households, both alike in dignity so the play is in houses or mainly in houses. Verona is the location of the play in two households because the prologue states it. 2Read MoreRomeo And Juliet Lesson Plan1619 Words   |  7 Pageschapter or act and pages): Romeo and Juliet Scene 1 Act 3 Essential Question: What are the consequences of learned hatred? Grade level: 9 Common Core Standard Specifically Addressed:CCSS Craft and Structure 4 Objective for lesson: SWBAT evaluate the language that Shakespeare uses and determine whether or not deeper meaning exists in some of his word choices. Learning Experience Sequence: 1. AS: Upon entering the classroom, some hard to understand phrases from Romeo and Juliet will be writtenRead MoreThe Language in William Shakespeares Act Three Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet1110 Words   |  5 PagesThe Language in William Shakespeares Act Three Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet The scene opens peacefully and gently. Lines 1-25 are highly poetic to reflect the beauty of the romantic scene. The reference to birdsong adds to the pleasure the audience feel at seeing the lovers happy together. The close description and figurative language (metaphors in this case) create vivid imagery which enables the audience to picture what is taking place outside the bedroom windowRead MoreShakespeares Development of Juliet’s Character in Romeo and Juliet668 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeares Development of Juliet’s Character in Romeo and Juliet Introduction: Juliet is the heroine of the play and throughout the play we watch her mature from a naà ¯ve girl into a young woman. Include historical and social research. Other sources of information: Say how other writers and authors have interpreted the play. Remember to credit them. First scene with her mother: in this scene Juliet is a very submissive character, she sits back and lets the conversationRead MoreEssay on Marriage in Romeo and Juliet1448 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, he portrays the idealistic perception of love in Shakespeare’s time. He shows how the partner’s wealth and social background was the main factor in marriage, as opposed to modern day passionate love, which is drawn by attraction and compatibility. Arranged marriages were accepted by the people from the time without any consideration of happiness. But if our parents controlled ourRead MoreRomeo and Juliet are to Blame for Their Own Deaths2120 Words   |  9 PagesRomeo and Juliet are to Blame for Their Own Deaths Shakespeare is said to be one of the greatest sonnet and playwrights of the last millennium. In this assignment I am going to explore and write about one of Shakespeares most famous and talked about plays Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare didnt only write tragedies (Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy as we will see in throughout this task). He also wrote comedies, sonnets, love and many other different styles of play. ThroughoutRead MoreContrast Between Love and Violence in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet2085 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in the time of Elizabeth I. Romeo Juliet is one of his most famous plays and has always been extremely popular in mainstream and in contemporary media, mainly because the ideals and issues brought up in the play are still very valid in modern times. The play revolves around the, aptly named, Romeo Juliet and their forbidden love and their struggle to love one another with each others families, Capulets and Montagues, feuding with each otherRead MoreExploring the Ways that Shakespeare Makes Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Dramatically Effective2006 Words   |  9 PagesExploring the Ways that Shakespeare Makes Act 1 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Dramatically Effective Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story, where Romeo and Juliet fall in love but soon find out that their love is forbidden as they are from separate houses, the Montague and Capulet houses. They have to hide their love from their parent, problem a rise which causes death for both of the lovers and friends. There are many things that the prologue sets up. It sets it up theRead More Comparing the Love of Romeo and Juliet, Twelfth Night and the Bible4838 Words   |  20 Pagesintegral part of the human condition. Love is the basis for by which all other emotions can be gauged. Friendship and even grief are steeped in love. Love is so central to our lives that it is fitting and proper that it should be the topic of so much discussion. Every culture and every writer has some commentary or evaluation of love. The New Testament has its share of love commentary. The entire basis of the Christian tradition is Gods love for humanity. God so loved the world that he gave his only

Human Embryonic Kidney Cells Free Essays

In figure A: Human embryonic kidney cells were transfected with constructs for carrying out this experiment. Immuno-precipitation was carried out of tagged PAG with an antibody against regulator Myc, its interaction is studied here with SRC BRK follwed by immunoblotting analyzation. The result of this experiment was delaying in electrophorectic mobility of tagged PAG protein, when it was co-expressed with SRC. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Embryonic Kidney Cells or any similar topic only for you Order Now This delay is considered due to hyper-phosphorylation. However, on co-expression of PAG and BRK this band shift was less evident. In figure C: Co-transfection of HEK 293 cells with MYC-PAG and SRC followed by treatment in the absence or presence of SRC kinase inhibitor SU6656 (5 M) for atleast 1 h. PAG was immunoprecipitated by antibody against MYC, and the binding of CSK was compared by immunoblotting. The disturbance of link b/w CSK and PAG was observed on weakening SRC activity by a small molecular inhibitor SU6656, this experiment illustrated the importance of SRC kinase activity for functioning of CSK. B) to test the same hypothesis with controls, take breast cancer frozen samples of different patients, divide the sample in two groups one will be the test group other the control group. The control group will be given doses of anti tumor medication (say tamoxifen for breast cancer). RNA will be extracted from both groups using trizol and will be followed by purification assay. The breast cancer cell lines will be transfected with empty vectors or pcDNA3-MKP3-V5. Further the transfectants will be placed in media MEM along with phenol red. Followed by SDS PAGE electrophoresis, and transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. After transferring they will be incubated with primary antibody for an hour or above then with secondary antibody to observe the chemiluminescence with a reagent. The cells will then be lysed in a buffer, phosphatase reaction carried out will be observed via assays and transfected cells will be compared with control ones to whom tamoxifen was given. How to cite Human Embryonic Kidney Cells, Papers

A Comparison of Love Poetry Essay Example For Students

A Comparison of Love Poetry Essay The two poems were going to compare are First Love written by John Clare in the 19th Century and To Virgins, to make much of time written by Robert Herrick in the 17th Century. Booth poems deal with the issue of young love. First Love is the poets account of love at first sight. Whilst To virgins, to make much of time is a more sexual orientated poem. The poem First love has three stanzas, each stanza contains eight lines. The poem is written by a man reflecting back on a past experience with first love. The title First love gave me the impression that it was going to be a smutty, romantic poem. We can assume that the poets heart could have been broken by a first love experience. In the first stanza John Clare uses powerful verbs like struck and stole to demonstrate how quickly he was swept away by the power of love. He also uses alliteration to represent the impact the girl has on his life. So sudden and so sweet. Clare has only just set eyes on this girl but already hes using a simile to compare the girls face with natural beauty. Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower A flower represents passion he believes her face is delicate and exquisite. Already he cant walk away. Hes paralysed by her beauty. The girl has an immediate effect on the man and he begins to feel ill. Clare uses the adjectives pale and deadly to describe how he feels. This is where you first get the impression that the poem may not have such a cheerful ending. Clare ends the first stanza with the metaphor. My life and all seemed turned to clay This emphasises the effect that the girl has on the man. The second stanza begins with the poet referring to blood. Blood represents the lust and passion the man has for the girl. He begins to blush and everything goes black because hes totally focused on the girl. Seemed midnight at noon He can no longer speak hes dumbstruck by her presence. They spoke as chords to from the strings He uses this metaphor to compare the words coming from his eyes to a musical instrument. Possibly a violin, which is a symbol of romance and being serenaded by sweet music. The final stanza begins with a different tone. Are flowers the winters choice winter is a symbol of cold and fear. Its ironic because in the first stanza he compared her face to a beautiful flower and now he believes that the flower is the choice of evil. Clare makes another reference to the winter in the next line. Is loves bed always snow Earlier on in the poem there was a warm, passionate atmosphere but this dies off in the final stanza. The girl has ignored the man and hes left alone, dejected. He believes his heart has disappeared and will never return. Hes heart-broken and cant fall in love again. This poem isnt blatantly addressed to anyone but it could be addressed to young people warning them of First love. The man in the poem is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and the poet is trying to warn youths of the power of love. The poem doesnt use any punctuation, which demonstrates how confused and frantic the poem is. Its as if the pace of the poem cancels out any punctuation. The poem To virgins, to make much of time was written by Robert Herrick in the 17th Century. The poem has four stanzas each containing four lines. From the title my first impression of the poem was that it was a poem addressed to virgins, a message from an older person to the younger generation. .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .postImageUrl , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:hover , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:visited , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:active { border:0!important; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:active , .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubcb92dfb18343b43b9beb72de53206ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A ratio analysis comparison of Rolls Royce and GE EssayThe language used in the poem is very old fashioned; this is evident from the beginning. Gather ye rose-buds while ye may, The language used is common for the time it was wrote. The first line translates to seize the day but Herrick refers to a rose, which is a symbol of youth and innocence. Old time is still-a-flying Herrick uses personification to tell virgins that time goes quickly and that its important to make the most of your time. The first stanza has a warm, content atmosphere but the last line demonstrates that life wont always be so happy. Tomorrow will be dying Herrick uses superlative adjectives to create a powerful beginning to the second stanza. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, Herrick compares a mans penis to a glorious lamp of heaven. This could be seen as taking advantage of the fact that a lot of young women were religious. He makes it sound as if God has given permission for virgins to have sex. Humans cant live without the Sun so maybe hes trying to say you cant live without sex. And nearer hes to setting. Hes trying to tempt virgins to have sex before the male gets disinterested. In the third stanza Herrick makes the point that when you are young you are beautiful and full of confidence but as you age your confidence and looks disappear. When youth and blood are warmer; Hes trying to say that when your younger your warm and full of energy. Youre at your peak. But being spent, the worse, and worse As you get older sex will get worse and worse and will not be as enjoyable is the message Herrick is trying to get across here. In the final stanza Herrick states that if you will regret not having sex at an early age in years to come. He tells the reader that its vital to use your time wisely and not have a guilty conscience or dwell on past experiences. You may forever tarry. You will regret not seizing the day. This poem has a warm, relaxing feel to it. The poet uses lively, passionate verbs and adjectives to give the poem a sexy but peaceful atmosphere. The poems First love and To virgins, to make much of time booth revolve around love, But in their own ways they are very different. Booth poems use flowers and blood to create a smutty feel to the poem. In First love the man compares the womens face to a sweet flower. The flower in To virgins, to make much of time is a symbol of virginity and youth. To virgins, to make much of time maintains its warm but serious atmosphere throughout. However there is a contrast between the atmospheres at the beginning from the end of First love. The tone at the start of First Love is sentimental and lively but it ends with the man feeling sad and lonely. The poem First love flows much quicker and smoothly than To virgins, to make much of time. It has no punctuation, which enables it to flow freely. The language used in To virgins, to make much of time is difficult to read and it jeopardises the pace of the poem. You have to read it a few times before you can make perfect sense of the poem. When you juxtapose the two poems its evident that To virgins, to make much of time is clearly addressed to young women, whilst its not clear whom First love is actually addressed to. The voices in the poems are that of the poets. John Clare is telling a story about First Love, it could be the poet reflecting back on a past experience but its not that clear. To virgins, to make much of time however is the poet encouraging young virgins to have sex. .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .postImageUrl , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:hover , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:visited , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:active { border:0!important; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:active , .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31 .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14b1b2df4a4da0bdd28e3ee6496fce31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Innocent Love - Walter McDonald's EssayBooth poets frequently use poetic devices and superlative adjectives to make the poem more effective. There are a number of similes and metaphors used in booth poems. First love has a sudden, confused feel about it whilst To virgins, to make much of time is far more direct. The man in First love is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and immediately falls in love with a girl who he has only just met. Herricks poem is addressed to virgins who could be seen as naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and vulnerable. In some aspects the poems are very different but in some they are very similar. The tone of the poems is quite different but in some instances the style of writing is quite similar. Out of the two poems I prefer First Love because I like the fact its so melodramatic. Its quite amusing how a man can fall in love so suddenly and then be heartbroken without actually speaking to the girl. The lack of punctuation makes the poem seem surreal as if the mans life is stuck on Fast Forward. Everything in the poem happens so quickly; Its a unique style, which operates effectively. To virgins, to make much of time is addressed to the female sex and in my opinion is fairly repetitive. The poet encourages virgins to have sex at an early age. Herrick has a stereotypical view of virgins and his message is repeated throughout the poem. Herrick doesnt use as many poetic devises as Clare and I found it much harder to understand. These two romantic poems demonstrate that there is a lot of love poetry. Each poem is addressed to different people and each poem has a different message.